Polyurethane e Thehiloeng ho Polyester (Polyester TPU)

# ## 1. Tlhaloso ea MotheoTPU e thehiloeng ho polyester(Polyester TPU) ke mofuta oaelastomer ea polyurethane ea thermoplastic, copolymer ea block e arotsoeng ka mela e otlolohileng. Likarolo tsa eona tse bonolo li nkiloe haholo-holo ho **polyester polyols** (mohlala, polyadipate glycol, PAG), e entsoeng ka polycondensation ea adipic acid (AA) le diols (mohlala, 1,4-butanediol, BDO). Ke e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tse peli tse kholo tsaTPU, hammoho le TPU e thehiloeng ho polyether.

## 2. Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale le Ts'ebetso ### Lisebelisoa tse Tala tsa Motheo – **Diisocyanate**: Hangata **4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)** (≈40% ea tlhahiso). – **Polyester Polyol (Karolo e Bonolo)**: E entsoe ho tsoa ho **adipic acid (AA)** (≈35%) le **1,4-butanediol (BDO)**. – **Ketane e Atolosang (Karolo e Thata)**: Diol e khutšoanyane ea ketane, hangata **1,4-butanediol (BDO)** (≈25%). ### Mokhoa oa Polymerization Polyester TPU e etsoa ka karabelo ea **step-growth polymerization**: 1. Polyester polyol (Karolo e bonolo) e arabela le MDI ho theha prepolymer ka lihlopha tsa isocyanate. 2. Prepolymer e ntan'o atolosoa ka ketane ka BDO, e leng se etsang hore ho be le likarolo tse ling tse **hard segments** (MDI-BDO) le **soft segments** (polyester polyol). 3. Ho kopana ha haedrojene e kopaneng ka hare ho limolek'hule** ho etsahala pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa polar ester (-COO-) likarolong tse bonolo le lihlopha tsa urethane (-NHCOO-) likarolong tse thata, e leng se etsang marang-rang a 'mele a hokahanngoa.

## 3. Matlotlo a Bohlokoa ### Matlotlo a Mechini – **Matla a Phahameng a ho Tenyetseha le ho Hahola**: A phahame ho feta polyetherTPU, ka lebaka la likamano tse matla tsa polar le ho kopana ha haedrojene. – **Khanyetso e Hlollang ea Abrasion**: E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa eona tse ikhethang ka ho fetisisa, e loketse lits'ebetso tse phahameng. – **Matla a Matle a ho Tenyetseha le a ho Hatisa**: Ho tiea ho hoholo le bokhoni ba ho jara mojaro. – **Sebaka se Sephara sa ho Tiea**: E ka etsoa ho tloha Shore A 60 ho ea Shore D 80, e leka-lekanya ho tenyetseha le ho tiea. ### Khanyetso ea Lik'hemik'hale le Tikoloho – **Khanyetso e Hlollang ea Oli le Grease**: E hanela haholo litharollo tse seng tsa polar, mafura le oli tse tlotsang. – **Khanyetso e Ntle ea Solvent**: E hanela litharollo tse ngata tsa tlhaho (mohlala, li-alcohol, li-ester). – **Khanyetso e itekanetseng ea Mocheso**: Botsitso bo botle ba mocheso, bo loketse tšebeliso e tsoelang pele mochesong o fihlang ho 80–100°C. – **Khanyetso e Fosahetseng ea Hydrolysis**: Litharollo tsa ester li kotsing ea ho petsoha ke metsi, haholo-holo libakeng tse chesang, tse mongobo, e leng se lebisang ho senyeha ha thepa. – **Ho Tenyetseha ho Fosahetseng ha Mocheso o Tlase**: E ba thata ebile ea robeha habonolo mochesong o ka tlase ho -20°C. ### Matlotlo a Mang – **Ponaletso e Ntle**: Mekgahlelo e hlakileng kapa e bonaletsang e fumaneha. – **Ho lumellana hantle**: E lumellana le li-polymer tsa polar tse kang PVC, e nolofalletsang ho kopanya le ho fetola habonolo.

## 4. Ditshebediso tse Tloaelehileng Polyester TPU e sebediswa haholo masimong a hlokang matla a phahameng a mechini, ho hanyetsa ho kgohlahala, le ho hanyetsa oli: – **Indasteri le Boenjiniere**: Mabanta a conveyor, diphaephe tsa hydraulic, ditiiso, di-gasket, di-rollers, le dikarolo tse sa tsofaleng. – **Dieta**: Dikarolo tsa kantle, diphaephe tse bohareng, le dikarolo tsa dieta bakeng sa ho tshwarella le ho hanyetsa oli. – **Dikoloi**: Moralo wa kahare, jakete ya thapo, dikobo tsa airbag, le dikarolo tsa sistimi ya mafura. – **Dikobo le Dikgomaretsi**: Dikobo tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa masela, ditshipi le dipolasetiki; dikgomaretsi tsa sebopeho. – **Terata le Thapo**: Jakete bakeng sa dithapo tsa indasteri tse hlokang ho hanyetsa oli le kgohlahala. – **Dipapadi le Boikgathollo**: Dibutsu tsa ski, mabili a skate a kahare, le dikarolo tsa disebediswa tsa dipapadi.

## 5. Papiso le Polyether TPU | Thepa | Polyester TPU | Polyether TPU | |:— |:— |:— | | **Karolo e Bonolo** | Polyester polyol (mohlala, PAG) | Polyether polyol (mohlala, PTMEG) | | **Matla a ho Tenyetseha** | E Phahameng | E Mahareng | | **Khanyetso ea ho Abrasion** | E Hloahloa | E Ntle | | **Khanyetso ea Oli/Solvent** | E Hloahloa | E Mahareng | | **Khanyetso ea Hydrolysis** | E Fosahetse | E Hloahloa | | **Ho Tenyetseha ha Mocheso o Tlase** | E Fosahetse | E Hloahloa | | **Litšenyehelo** | E Tlase | E Holimo |

## 6. Ho Sebetsa le ho Sebetsa – **Mekhoa ea ho Sebetsa**: E ka sebetsoa ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea thermoplastic: ho bōptjoa ka ente, ho ntša metsi, ho bōptjoa ka moea, le ho bōptjoa ka calendering. – **Tlhokahalo ea ho Omisa**: E tlameha ho omisoa hantle (80–100°C ka lihora tse 2–4) pele e sebetsoa ho thibela hydrolysis le ho phatloha ha metsi. – **Mocheso oa ho bōptjoa**: Hangata 180–220°C, ho latela sehlopha se itseng le boima.

## 7. Melemo le Meeli ### Melemo – Matla a ikhethang a mechini le ho hanyetsa ho kgohlahala. – Ho hanyetsa oli le lik'hemik'hale hantle haholo. – Ho tsamaisana hantle le thepa ea polar. – Litšenyehelo tse tlase ha li bapisoa le polyether TPU.