TPU ke polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, e leng multiphase block copolymer e entsoeng ka diisocyanate, polyols, le chain extenders. Joaloka elastomer e sebetsang hantle, TPU e na le mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa tse tlaase 'me e sebelisoa haholo litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, lisebelisoa tsa lipapali, lipapali, lisebelisoa tsa mekhabiso, le likarolo tse ling, tse kang lisebelisoa tsa lieta, li-hoses, lithapo, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, joalo-joalo.
Hajoale, baetsi ba thepa e tala ba TPU ba kenyelletsa BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Lisebelisoa tse Ncha tsa Linghua, joalo joalo. Ka moralo le katoloso ea bokhoni ba likhoebo tsa lapeng, indasteri ea TPU hajoale e na le tlholisano e kholo. Leha ho le joalo, tšimong ea likopo tse phahameng, e ntse e itšetlehile ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, eo hape e leng sebaka seo Chaena e hlokang ho finyella katleho ho sona.
1. Supercritical foaming E-TPU
Ka 2012, Adidas le BASF ka kopanelo ba ile ba theha mofuta oa seeta oa EnergyBoost, o sebelisang TPU e foamed (lebitso la khoebo infinergy) joalo ka thepa ea bohareng. Ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea polyether TPU e nang le boima ba Shore A ea 80-85 joalo ka substrate, ha e bapisoa le li-midsoles tsa EVA, li-midsoles tsa TPU tse foamed li ntse li ka boloka elasticity le bonolo libakeng tse ka tlase ho 0 ℃, e ntlafatsang ho roala boiketlo mme e tsebahala haholo marakeng.
2. Fiber e matlafalitsoeng e fetotsoeng ea lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka TPU
TPU e na le khanyetso e ntle, empa lits'ebetsong tse ling, ho hlokahala modulus e phahameng ea elastic le lisebelisoa tse thata haholo. Glass fiber reinforcement modification ke mokhoa o sebelisoang hangata ho eketsa modulus ea elastic ea thepa. Ka phetoho, lisebelisoa tsa motsoako oa thermoplastic tse nang le melemo e mengata joalo ka modulus e phahameng ea elastic, insulation e ntle, ho hanyetsa mocheso o matla, ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho hlaphoheloa, ho hanyetsa kutu, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso, ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa katoloso, le botsitso ba boholo bo ka fumanoa.
BASF e hlahisitse theknoloji ea ho lokisa TPU e matlafalitsoeng ea modulus fiberglass e sebelisang likhoele tse khutšoane tsa khalase molemong oa eona. TPU e nang le boima ba Shore D ea 83 e ile ea etsoa ka ho kopanya polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn = 1000), MDI, le 1,4-butanediol (BDO) le 1,3-propanediol e le lisebelisoa tse tala. TPU ena e ne e kopantsoe le fiber ea khalase ka tekanyo ea boima ba 52: 48 ho fumana thepa e kopantsoeng e nang le modulus elastic ea 18.3 GPa le matla a thata a 244 MPa.
Ntle le fiber ea khalase, ho boetse ho na le litlaleho tsa lihlahisoa tse sebelisang carbon fiber composite TPU, joalo ka Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, e nang le modulus elastic e fihlang ho 100GPa le letsoalo le tlase ho feta litšepe.
3. TPU e thibelang mollo halogen mahala
TPU e na le matla a phahameng, boima bo phahameng, khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala le thepa e 'ngoe, e e etsa sesebelisoa sa sheath se loketseng bakeng sa lithapo le likhoele. Empa libakeng tsa ts'ebeliso joalo ka liteishene tsa ho tjhaja, ho hlokahala hore ho be le lelakabe le phahameng haholo. Ka kakaretso ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea TPU e thibelang lelakabe. E 'ngoe ke phetoho e sebetsang e thibelang malakabe, e kenyelletsang ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse thibelang lelakabe tse kang polyols kapa isocyanate tse nang le phosphorus, naetrojene le likarolo tse ling ka har'a motsoako oa TPU ka ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale; Ea bobeli ke phetoho e eketsang lelakabe la retardant, e kenyelletsang ho sebelisa TPU joalo ka substrate le ho eketsa li-retardants tsa lelakabe bakeng sa ho kopanya ho qhibiliha.
Phetoho e sebetsang e ka fetola sebopeho sa TPU, empa ha palo ea "additive flame retardant" e le kholo, matla a TPU a fokotseha, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea senyeha, 'me ho eketsa chelete e nyane ho ke ke ha fihlela boemo bo hlokahalang ba lelakabe. Hajoale, ha ho na sehlahisoa se rekisoang se thibelang malakabe a phahameng se ka kopanang le ts'ebeliso ea liteishene tsa ho tjhaja.
Bayer MaterialScience ea mehleng (eo hona joale e leng Kostron) e kile ea hlahisa phosphorus ea tlhaho e nang le polyol (IHPO) e thehiloeng ho phosphine oxide ka patent. TPU ea polyether e entsoeng ho tloha ho IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, le BDO e bonts'a ts'ebetso e ntle ea lelakabe le thepa ea mochini. Ts'ebetso ea extrusion e boreleli, 'me bokaholimo ba sehlahisoa bo boreleli.
Ho kenyelletsa li-halogen-free flame retardants hajoale ke eona tsela ea tekheniki e sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa ho lokisa TPU e sa sebetseng lelakabe ea halogen. Ka kakaretso, phosphorus e thehiloeng, naetrojene e thehiloeng, silicon e thehiloeng, li-retardants tsa mollo tsa boron li kopantsoe kapa li-hydroxide tsa tšepe li sebelisoa e le li-flame retardants. Ka lebaka la ho chesa ha tlhaho ha TPU, ho tlatsa lelakabe le lengata la ho feta 30% hangata ho hlokahala ho theha lera le tsitsitseng le thibelang lelakabe nakong ea ho tuka. Leha ho le joalo, ha palo ea "flame retardant" e eketsoang e le kholo, "flame retardant" e qhalakantsoeng ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang karolong e ka tlaase ea TPU, 'me thepa ea mochine oa TPU e thibelang lelakabe ha e ntle, e leng eona e thibelang ts'ebeliso ea eona le ts'ebetso ea eona libakeng tse kang li-hoses, lifilimi. , le likhoele.
Patent ea BASF e hlahisa thekenoloji ea TPU e thibelang malakabe, e kopanyang melamine polyphosphate le phosphorus e nang le derivative ea phosphinic acid e le lintho tse thibelang lelakabe tse nang le TPU tse nang le boima ba boima ba molek'hule bo fetang 150kDa. Ho ile ha fumanoa hore ts'ebetso ea ho thibela lelakabe e ile ea ntlafatsoa haholo ha e ntse e finyella matla a phahameng a ho tsitsa.
Ho matlafatsa matla a thepa, patent ea BASF e hlahisa mokhoa oa ho lokisa crosslinking agent masterbatch e nang le isocyanate. Ho kenyelletsa 2% ea mofuta ona oa masterbatch ho sebopeho se fihlelang litlhoko tsa UL94V-0 tse thibelang lelakabe ho ka eketsa matla a thata a thepa ho tloha ho 35MPa ho ea ho 40MPa ha o ntse o boloka ts'ebetso ea V-0 e thibelang lelakabe.
Ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa botsofali ba mocheso oa TPU e thibelang mollo, patent eaKhamphani e Ncha ea Linghuae boetse e hlahisa mokhoa oa ho sebelisa li-hydroxide tsa tšepe tse koahetsoeng ka holim'a metsi e le li-flame retardants. Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa khanyetso ea hydrolysis ea TPU e thibelang malakabe,Khamphani e Ncha ea Linghuae hlahisitse carbonate ea tšepe motheong oa ho eketsa melamine flame retardant ts'ebetsong e 'ngoe ea patent.
4. TPU bakeng sa filimi ea tšireletso ea pente ea likoloi
Filimi ea tšireletso ea pente ea koloi ke filimi e sireletsang e khethollang bokaholimo ba pente moeeng ka mor'a ho kenya, e thibela pula ea acid, oxidation, mengoapo, 'me e fana ka tšireletso ea nako e telele bakeng sa bokaholimo ba pente. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho sireletsa bokaholimo ba pente ea koloi ka mor'a ho kenya. Filimi e sireletsang pente ka kakaretso e na le mekhahlelo e meraro, e nang le lesela le ipholisang ka holim'a metsi, filimi ea polymer bohareng, le sekhomaretsi sa acrylic se thibelang khatello ka tlase. TPU ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa ho lokisa lifilimi tsa polymer tse mahareng.
Litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea TPU e sebelisoang filiming ea ts'ireletso ea pente ke tse latelang: ho hanyetsa mongoao, pepeneneng e phahameng (ho fetisa leseli> 95%), ho tenyetseha ha mocheso o tlase, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, matla a thata> 50MPa, elongation>400%, le Shore A. boholo ba boima ba 87-93; Ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo, ho kenyelletsang ho hanyetsa botsofali ba UV, ho senyeha ha oxidative ea mocheso, le hydrolysis.
Lihlahisoa tse seng li hōlile hona joale ke aliphatic TPU e lokiselitsoeng ho tloha dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) le polycaprolactone diol e le lisebelisoa tse tala. TPU e tloaelehileng e nkhang hamonate e fetoha mosehla ka mor'a letsatsi le le leng la mahlaseli a UV, ha TPU ea aliphatic e sebelisetsoang filimi e koahelang koloi e ka boloka coefficient ea eona e mosehla ntle le liphetoho tse kholo tlas'a maemo a tšoanang.
Poly (ε - caprolactone) TPU e na le ts'ebetso e leka-lekaneng ha e bapisoa le polyether le polyester TPU. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e ka bonts'a khanyetso e ntle ea meokho ea TPU e tloaelehileng ea polyester, ha ka lehlakoreng le leng e bonts'a deformation e ikhethang ea khatello e tlase le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea polyether TPU, ka hona e sebelisoa haholo 'marakeng.
Ka lebaka la litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa katleho ea theko ea lihlahisoa ka mor'a karohano ea 'maraka, ka ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea ho roala holim'a metsi le bokhoni ba ho fetola foromo ea sekhomaretsi, ho boetse ho na le monyetla oa hore polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU e sebelisoe lifiliming tse sireletsang pente nakong e tlang.
5. TPU ea Biobased
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho lokisa TPU e thehiloeng ho bio ke ho hlahisa li-monomers kapa li-intermediates nakong ea polymerization, joalo ka bio-based isocyanates (joalo ka MDI, PDI), bio based polyols, joalo-joalo. 'marakeng, ha li-polyols tsa biobased li atile haholo.
Mabapi le li-isocyanate tse thehiloeng ho bio, ho tloha ka 2000, BASF, Covestro, le ba bang ba tsetetse boiteko bo bongata lipatlisisong tsa PDI, 'me sehlopha sa pele sa lihlahisoa tsa PDI se ile sa kenngoa' marakeng ka 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical e ntlafalitse lihlahisoa tsa TPU tsa 100% tse sebelisang bio based PDI e entsoeng ka setofo sa poone.
Mabapi le bio-based polyols, e kenyelletsa bio based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio based polyester polyols, bio based polyether polyols, jj.
Hajoale, bahlahisi ba bangata ba TPU ba phatlalalitse TPU e thehiloeng ho bio, eo ts'ebetso ea eona e bapisoang le TPU ea setso e thehiloeng ho petrochemical. Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa li-TPU tsena tse thehiloeng ho bio e boemong ba litaba tse thehiloeng ho bio, ka kakaretso ho tloha ho 30% ho isa ho 40%, mme ba bang ba bile ba fihlela maemo a holimo. Ha ho bapisoa le TPU ea setso e thehiloeng ho petrochemical, TPU e thehiloeng ho bio e na le melemo e kang ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea khabone, nchafatso e tsitsitseng ea thepa e tala, tlhahiso e tala, le paballo ea lisebelisoa. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, leLisebelisoa tse Ncha tsa Linghuaba phatlalalitse lihlahisoa tsa bona tsa TPU tse thehiloeng ho bio, 'me phokotso ea khabone le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le tsona ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea TPU nakong e tlang.
Nako ea poso: Aug-09-2024